897 - Symptomatic Improvement of Chronic Neuropathic Pain after Ulnar Nerve Hydrodissection: A Case Report

Case Diagnosis: Chronic Axonal Ulnar Neuropathy

Case Description: A 72-year-old female with chronic pain syndrome on opioid therapy presented with severe neuropathic pain of the right upper extremity due to an electrodiagnostically confirmed chronic axonal ulnar neuropathy. Symptoms started a year prior following open reduction internal fixation for comminuted fractures of the right ulna and radius sustained in a fall. After inadequate response to her opioid regimen, neuropathic agents, and physical therapy, she was referred for ultrasound assessment and intervention. Initial physical exam was notable for decreased sensation, allodynia, and motor weakness in an ulnar nerve distribution. Additional clinical complaints included sudomotor and vasomotor changes. Ulnar nerve ultrasound at the elbow identified loss of normal fascicular architecture with nerve enlargement. Ulnar nerve hydrodissection was performed using a mixture of dexamethasone, lidocaine, and 5% dextrose in water (D5W). On post procedural evaluation, less allodynia, sudomotor, and vasomotor symptoms were reported. Similarly, improvements were noted in range of motion.

Discussions: Hydrodissections are minimally invasive interventions for treating peripheral nerve entrapment. Various injectants have been utilized to separate neural structures from surrounding tissue. There has been increasing interest in the use of D5W, which is believed to downregulate transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 found on peripheral nerves. This downregulation may in turn inhibit the release of neuropeptides that facilitate neurogenic inflammation and neuropathic pain. Recent studies have shown D5W is an effective treatment for mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome, recurrent carpal tunnel refractory to surgery, and radial nerve palsy.

Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of careful diagnosis and utilization of multimodal treatment approaches to achieve maximal relief. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy and potential benefits of hydrodissections using D5W independently or in injectant mixtures for severe chronic neuropathies.